第２回サイコトロニクス国際会議における「演説草稿」*
サイコトロニクスおよび全人間性
スタンレー・クリップナー博士**
Psichotronics and the Study of Human Personality
Dr. S. Krippner**

For many years, traditional science has ignored psychotronics. This situation is especially apparent in the field of psychology which purports to scientifically study the entire range of behavior. However, phychotronic ability appears to permeate the total human personality; any behavioral science which ignores psychotronics must be considered to be incomplete and inadequate (Kripppner & Murphy, 1973).
We may consider psychotronics to be an interdisciplinary scientific study of interactions among living organisums and their enviroment (including other organisms) for which current scientific models give no satisfactory explanation. Examples of "input" forms of psychotronic ability would be telepathy, claivoyance, and precognition. The "output" form of psychotronic ability would be psychokinesis. There are several types of psychotronic phenomena which may represent combinations of the "input" and "output" forms; these would include dowsing, psychotronic doagnosis, and psychotronic hearing (Vasiliev, 1965).
The manifestation of psychotronic ability can be observed early in a person's life. The psychiatrist Jan Ehrenwald (19549 has suggested that the relationship between a mother and her baby may provide the "cradle" for telepathy, clairvoyance, and other psychotronic abilities.
An example of this phenomenan has been given by L. E. Rhine (1961). A woman reported awakening her husband one night, telling him of a horrifying dream. The Dream took place in their baby's bedroom. In the dreem, the husband on the clock pointed to 4:35. At that moment, a large ornamantal chandelier fell from the celling and crushed the baby to death. The woman's husband larghed at the story and criticized them to the baby's bedchamber. The chandelier had fallen on the baby's empty crib. The clock on the dresser showed the time to be 4:35.
The autobiographical writings of "psychic sensitives" contain addtional of value to the investigation of psychotronic development over the course of human life. Ingo Swan (1975) recalls having clairvoyant experiences as a young boy in which he would feel as if he were "fluing" to distant locations. Eileen Garrett (1968) has recalled how she was a "nuisance" as a child because she could tell when people were lying and when they were telling truth. She stated (1970), "As I look back now, I smile over the things I did, but then I was living in a world nobody else understood." When her uncle died, Garrett felt a great loss. However, a few weeks later, he seemed to apper in her room. She later stated (1970): I was surprised at his appearance of hearth. Since before his death he had seemed feeble and worn. But he appeared young, erect, and strong . . . It had a terrible impact on me. Yet I know when I saw something, I had really seen it . . . This, I suppose is what hardened me and gave me a sence of myself. Later, Garrett was able to develop trance mediumship and to speak in different voices. These voices, or "controls," gave themselves names such as Uvani and Abdul Latif. Garrett (1968) acknowledged that the "controls," may have been split-offs of her own personality, yet they often produced information of a presumably psychotronic nature.
A novelist, Bonnie Gohghtly (1969)⁽⁵⁾, has described her childhood psychotronic experiences in some details. Golightly's grandmother was supposed to have had psychotronic ability and her father, a psychologist, had several dreams which later came true. Golightly (1969: 12-21) reported:

About the time I went away to boarding shool, my father sent off to Dr. Rhine's laboratory for a set of his special "mental telepathy" cards. . . .To my humiliation and disappointment, time after I came up with only five- and sometimes less. So be it. I would have to content myself with remaining forever outside the privileged group of those who could see and feel and hear what wasn't there. In spite of this defeart, I decided that anyway I could learn to read palms, tell fortunes with cards and such . . . . I foretold the marrige of my brother's fiancée to another man . . . . But all this didn't mean anything . . . . (because this was) not scientific.

Although Gonghtly later overcame her inferiority feehgs and developed her father's abmty to dream about future events,her eafly disappontment demonstrates the problems which arise when a person attaches undue importance to a specinc scientinc technique. For example,techniques have now been developed to study precognitive dreams direclty rather than (or in addition to)having subjects gifled along these lines guess the order of cards in a deck yet to be shumed. Malcolm Bessent, who studied with the English "psychic sensitive" Douglas Jhonson at the Conege of Psychic Studies in London, was a successful subject in an experiment which involved having him dream about an experience which was randomly selected for him on the following day (Krippner,Unman,&Honorton,1971)⁽⁷⁾.0n one night, Bessent dreamed about the words bowl of fruit" written on a piece of paper. The next day, Bessent was taken to a kitchen where he was served several pieces of fruit as he looked at a picture of a bowl of fruit. This experience had been determined randomly the moming after Bessent's dreams had been recorded. The people in charge of the random selection of the experience had no idea what Bessent's dreams had been the night before.
Considerable Pioneer work has been done by W. H.C. Tenhaeff in exploring the early life histories of "psychic sensitives" and studying the psychodynamics of people reporting psychotronic phenomena.
Sometimes, these two lines of investigation coincide. ln 1937,Tenhaeff(1965)was testing a "psychic sensitives" in an Amsterdam hospital. Suddenly, the subject remarked that within a few weeks, Queen Wilhelmina, Prince Bemhard, and Princess Juliana would stay at the hospital. This prediction was duly noted, but was so unlikely that none of the people present took it seriously.
During that same month, Tenhaeff began to investigate a woman who had a history of precognitive dreams. 0n November 27,the woman wrote Tenhaeff the contents of a dream:

. . . . Last night I dreamed again and everything I saw clear like crystal so that I cannot forget it. I saw a railway crossing and a long road and pastures. Behind the gate to the left stood a truck waiting for repairs. A car came along at a terrible speed trying to cross at the last moment. But as it crosses, a tire bursts and the car crashed at full speed against the gate and the truck behind it. The driver of the car was killed immediately. I saw his face when he was lying there. It was Prince Bernhard. What do you think of this?

On November 29, Prince Bemhafd had a serious caf accident and was brought to the same hospital in which the "psychic sensitives" had made his prediction. Queen Wilhelmina and Princess Juliana stayed at the hospital for a few days until the Prince was out of danger. The detaUs of his accident Paralleled the dream in that it occurred near a raUway, a longroad, pastures, and a gate. The chauffbur of the Prince's car was driving rapidly and hit a truck which was attempting to cross an improvised slope on the raUway, which was undergolng repalrs.
ln probing the background of the dreamer Terihaeff found that she frequently dreamed of Prince Bernhard. Suffering from repressed･ feelings of hatred toward her father, the dreamer onen dreamed of Prince Bemhard playing a demanding, authoritative patemal role toward her. These drearns were on record as the woman was undergoing psychotherapy at the time.
ln this instance, the dream of Prince Bemhard demonstrates how a person's psychological dynamics can become part ot his or her psychotronic abilities. This is also true in cases of creative achievements (Dreistadt, 1971)⁽¹⁾.For example,Galois-who Hved in the nineteenth century-produced a manuscript that signined a complete transformation of higher algebra. The manuscript projected a full light on what had been only gnmpsed thus far by the greatest mathematicians. ln a letter, Galois stated a theorem on the "periods" of a certain type of integral. This theorem could not have been understood by scientists living at the time of Galois as the "periods" acquired signmcance only by means of some principles in the theory of certain functions that were found over two decades after Galois' death. Galois made no further statements about his theorem as he died in a duel a few hours after he wrote the letter.
Jonathan Swift,in his novel Gulliver's Travels, wrote about the astronomers of an imaginary country named Laputa. The astronomers had discovered that Mars had two moons and, in Gulliver's presence, described the moons' shaPes and orbits in some detan. 0ver a century later, astronomers discovered th; Mars did have two moons that closely resembled the descriptions given them by Swift. ln a dream, the naturalist Louis Agassiz leamed how to chisel a rock in his conection so that its fossil could be removed intact. He also saw the fossn in the dream, drew it, and found that it was an exact replica of the fossil that later emerged. No one knows the role that psychotronics plays in these and other instances of creativity, but the need for research into this area is apparent.
ln conclusion, it is obvious to psychotronic researchers that a study of the human personality is incomplete without the inclusion of psychotronic phenomena. These phenomena appear to play a role in personanty development and in personal relationships. They may be important in some cases of physical and emotional illness. They certainly have been reported fiequently by those who study dreams and other altered states of consciousness, and by research workers in creativity and the far reaches of human naturure. Psychotronics presents a challenge for behavioral scientists. To ignore that chanllenge is to accept a diminished picture of a human being whose rich Potentials we are only now beginning to realize.

References
(I) Dreistadt, R. The prophetic achievements of geniuses and types of extrasensory perception. Psychology, 1971, 8:27-40.
(2) Ehrenwald, J. Telepathy and the child-parent relationship. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research,1954, 48:43-55.
(3) Gafrett, E. J. lnterview. Psychic,1970,1:4-7,32-37.
(4) Garrett, E. J. Many voices: The Autobiography of a Medium. New York: Putnam's Sons, 1969.
(5) Gonghtly, B.On the Fringe of the Para-normal. London: Tandem, 1969.
(6) Kripner, S ., & Murphy, G. Humanistic psychology and parapsychology. Journal of Humanistic,
Psychology,1973,13:3-24.
(7) Krippner, S., Ullman, M., & Honorton, C.A precognitive dream study with a single subject. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Researcch,1971, 65:192-203.
(8) Rhine, L. E. Hidden Channels of the Mind, New York: Sloane, 1961.
(9) Swann, I. To Kiss Earth Goodbye. New York: Hawthorne, 1975.
(10) vasiliev, L. Mysterious Phenomena of the Human Psyche. New Hyde Park, N,Y.: University Books,1965.

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