PSI Vol.19, No1 July 1997 Thesis 1. pp.12-20.
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脳の還元性と心の非還元性ー脳で心は作れないことの理論物理的証明ー
馬場純雄
Reducible Brain and unreducible Mind
Sumio Baba
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Abstract
There are two aspects in human mental phenomena. The "objective aspect" is the physical function of one' s brain and body, which can be observed by others wi th their five senses. The "subjective aspect" is one' s own inner world， which can not be observed by others with their five senses. Most of scientists analyze the "objective aspect" only. The "subjective aspect" is apt to be ignored or regarded as identical to the "objective aspect" thoughtlessly. However that is wrong. The "objective aspect" is the "reducible system" whose whole function is reducible to the total of its parts, and can be made out of the brain. But the "subjective aspect" is the "unreducible system" and can not be made out of the brain.Because the brain is composed of many elementary particles, and to transmit information between them, there is nothing but the way of local interactions that have the limit of the speed of light. ln order to make a "subjective aspect" , one kind of "non-local interaction" is needed. lf one' s brain is divided into n parts, and every part is given artificially from its cutting surfaces the same physical effects as if they were still connected, what will happen to his mind ?
(1)"One mind" still accompanies with the whole of them.
lf we think so, we must admit the existence of the non-material substance which connects the whole of them.
(2)There are "n minds" , one partial mind in one part of the brain.
If so, even if we connect them as before, "n minds" can not be fused. Because every part of the brain can not judge whether they are divided or connected. By such a thought experiment，this fact can be proved mathematically.
Key words : mind- body problem, theory of identitiy, subjective(objective)aspect of mental phenomena. (non-)local interaction, monad.